Full-time "B" researcher at the Center for Research on Latin America and the Caribbean (CIALC) of UNAM. Tenured Professor at the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters of UNAM (1979), Tutor of the Latin American Studies Program of the Graduate Studies Division of UNAM (1992). B.A. and M.A. in Latin American Studies (History) from UNAM and Ph. D. in History from Tulane University (Louisiana, U.S.A.). He has taught undergraduate and graduate courses on the social and economic history of Mexico, Latin America and the Caribbean.